Jeep Gearbox: Grand Cherokee car gearboxes, for Cherokee, Dodge Caliber and more
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Jeeps Unsynchronized transmission /
Gearbox
The earliest automotive transmissions
were entirely mechanical unsynchronized gearing systems. They could be shifted,
with multiple gear ratios available to the operator, and even had reverse. However,
the gears were engaged by sliding mechanisms or simple clutches, which required
careful timing and throttle manipulation when shifting, so that the gears would
be spinning at roughly the same speed when engaged; otherwise, the teeth would refuse
to mesh.
When upshifting, the speed of the gear driven by the engine had to drop to match
the speed of the next gear; as this happened naturally when the clutch was depressed
or disengaged, it was just a matter of skill and experience to hear and feel when
the gears managed to mesh. However, when downshifting, the gear driven by the engine
had to be sped up to mesh with the output gear, requiring letting the clutch up
(engagement) for the engine to speed up the gears. Double declutching, that is,
shifting once to neutral to speed up the gears and again to the lower gear, is sometimes
needed. In fact, such transmissions are often easier to shift from without using
the clutch at all. The clutch, in these cases, is only used for starting from a
standstill. This procedure is common in racing vehicles and most production motorcycles.
Even though automotive transmissions are now almost universally synchronised, heavy
trucks and machinery as well as dedicated racing transmissions are usually non-synchromesh
transmissions, known colloquially as "crashboxes", for several reasons.
The friction material, such as brass, in synchronizers is more prone to wear and
breakage than gears, which are forged steel, and the simplicity of the mechanism
improves reliability and reduces cost. In addition, the process of shifting a synchromesh
transmission is slower than that of shifting a non-synchromesh transmission. For
racing of production-based transmissions, sometimes half the teeth (or "dogs")
on the synchros are removed to speed the shifting process, at the expense of greater
wear.
Similarly, most modern motorcycles still utilize unsynchronised transmissions as
synchronisers are generally not necessary or desirable. Their low gear inertias
and higher strengths mean that 'forcing' the gears to alter speed is not damaging,
and the selector method on modern motorcycles (pedal operated) is not conducive
to having the long shift time of a synchronised gearbox. Because of this, it is
still necessary to synchronise gear speeds by 'blipping-the-throttle' when shifting
into a lower gear on a motorcycle.
Jeeps Synchronized transmission / Gearbox
Top and side view of a typical manual
transmission, in this case a Ford "Toploader", used in cars with external
floor shifters.Modern gearboxes are constant mesh, i.e. all gears are always in
mesh. Only one of these meshed pairs of gears is locked to the shaft on which it
is mounted at any one time, while the others are allowed to rotate freely. Thus,
it greatly reduces the skill required to shift gears.
Most modern cars are fitted with a synchronized gear box, although it is entirely
possible to construct a constant mesh gearbox without a synchromesh, as found in
a motorcycle, for example. In a constant mesh gearbox, the transmission gears are
always in mesh and rotating, but the gears are not rigidly connected to the shafts
on which they rotate. Instead, the gears can freely rotate or be locked to the shaft
on which they are carried. The locking mechanism for any individual gear consists
of a collar (or "dog collar") on the shaft which is able to slide sideways
so that teeth (or "dogs") on its inner surface bridge two circular rings
with teeth on their outer circumference: one attached to the gear, one to the shaft
(one collar typically serves for two gears; sliding in one direction selects one
transmission speed, in the other direction selects the other). When the rings are
bridged by the collar, that particular gear is rotationally locked to the shaft
and determines the output speed of the transmission. In a synchromesh gearbox, to
correctly match the speed of the gear to that of the shaft as the gear is engaged,
the collar initially applies a force to a cone-shaped brass clutch which is attached
to the gear, which brings the speeds to match prior to the collar locking into place.
The collar is prevented from bridging the locking rings when the speeds are mismatched
by synchro rings (also called blocker rings or balk rings, the latter being spelled
"baulk" in the UK). The gearshift lever manipulates the collars using
a set of linkages, so arranged so that one collar may be permitted to lock only
one gear at any one time; when "shifting gears", the locking collar from
one gear is disengaged and that of another engaged. In a modern gearbox, the action
of all of these components is so smooth and fast it is hardly noticed.
The first synchronized transmission system was introduced by Cadillac in 1929[citation
needed]. The modern cone system was developed by Porsche and introduced in the 1952
Porsche 356; cone synchronizers were called "Porsche-type" for many years
after this. In the early 1950s only the second-third shift was synchromesh in most
cars, requiring only a single synchro and a simple
linkage; drivers' manuals
in cars suggested that if the driver needed to shift from second to first, it was
best to come to a complete stop then shift into first and start up again. With continuing
sophistication of mechanical development, however, fully synchromesh transmissions
with three speeds, then four speeds, five speeds, six speeds and so on became universal
by the 1960s. Reverse gear, however, is usually not synchromesh, as there is only
one reverse gear in the normal automotive transmission and changing gears in reverse
is not required.
Some other Jeep vehicles are:
Jeep Liberty
Jeep Commander passenger SUV
Jeep Compass — A small crossover SUV based on the Dodge Caliber.
Jeep Patriot — A small SUV based on the Dodge Caliber
Jeep Liberator CRD
Jeep Hurricane
Jeep Gladiator Concept
Jeep Agressor (the Rezo)
Jeep Trailhawk
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