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The 4HP14 is a 4-speed automatic transmission for passenger cars from ZF Friedrichshafen AG. Introduced in 1987 and produced through 2001, it was used in Daewoo front wheel drive cars.

About Automatic Transmissions / Gearboxes

Daewoo's automatic transmission is an automobile gearbox that can change gear ratios automatically as the vehicle moves, thus freeing the driver from having to shift gears manually. (Similar but larger devices are also used for railroad locomotives.)
Automatic transmissions, particularly earlier ones, reduce fuel efficiency and power. Where fuel is expensive and, thus, engines generally smaller, these penalties are more burdensome. In recent years, automatic transmissions have significantly improved in their ability to support high fuel efficiency but manual transmissions are still generally more efficient. (This balance may finally shift with the introduction of practical continuously variable transmissions). Most automatic transmissions have a set selection of possible gear ranges, often with a parking pawl feature that will lock the output shaft of the transmission.
However, some simple machines with limited speed ranges and/or fixed engine speeds only use a torque converter to provide a variable gearing of the engine to the wheels.
Recently manufacturers have begun to make continuously variable transmissions commonly available. These designs can change the ratios over a range rather than between set gear ratios. Even though CVTs have been used for decades in a few vehicles, the technology has recently gained greater acceptance among manufacturers and customers.

Automatic transmission modes

In order to select the mode, the driver must move a gear shift lever which can be located on the steering column or on the floor next to the driver. In order to select gears / modes the driver must push a button in (called the shift lock button) or pull the handle (only on column mounted shifters) out. Vehicles conforming to US Government standards must have the modes ordered P-R-N-D-L (left to right, top to bottom, or clockwise).

Automatic Transmissions have various modes depending on the model and make of the transmission. Some of the common modes are:
Park (P) – This selection mechanically locks the transmission, restricting the car from moving in any direction. A pin prevents the transmission from moving forward (although wheels, depending on the drive train, can still spin freely), it is recommended to use the hand brake (or emergency brake) because this actually locks the wheels and prevents them from moving, and increases the life of the transmission and the park mechanism. A car should be allowed to come to a complete stop before setting transmission into park to prevent damage. Park is one of only two selections in which the car can be started. In some cars (notably those sold in the US), the driver must have the footbrake depressed before the transmission can be taken out of park.
Reverse (R) – This puts the car into the reverse gear, giving the ability for the car to drive backwards. In order for the driver to select reverse they must come to a complete stop, and push the shift lock button in and select reverse. Not coming to a complete stop can cause severe damage to the transmission. Many modern automatic gearboxes have a safety mechanism in place, which does to some extent prevent (but doesn't completely avoid) inadvertently putting the car in reverse when the vehicle is moving. This mechanism usually consists of a moveable physical barrier on either side of the Reverse position, and is electronically linked to the brake pedal, which needs to be pressed in order to allow putting the car in reverse.
Neutral/No gear (N)– This disconnects the transmission from the wheels so the car can move freely under its own weight. This is the only other selection in which the car can be started.
Drive (D) – This allows the car to move forward and accelerate through a range of gears. The number of gears a transmission has depends on the model, but they can commonly range from 3, 4 (the most common), 5, 6, 7 and 8 in the new models. Some cars when put into D will automatically lock the doors or turn on the Daytime Running Lamps.

As well as the above modes, there are also other modes dependant on the manufacturer and model. Some examples include;
D4 – is used commonly for highway use and uses all 4 forward gears.
D3 – only uses the first 3 gears and according to the manual it is used for stop & go traffic such as city driving.
+ − and M – This is the manual selection of gears for automatics. The driver can shift up and down at their will, like in a semi-automatic transmission.
OverDrive ([D], OD, or a boxed D) - This mode is used in some transmissions (including late 1980s Chevrolet) to allow early Computer Controlled Transmissions to engage the Automatic Overdrive; in these transmissions, Drive (D) locks the Automatic Overdrive off, but is identical otherwise. OD in these cars engaged under steady speeds or low acceleration at 45mph; it would automatically come on at 65 under hard acceleration.
Second (2 or S) – This mode limits the transmission to the first two gears, or more commonly locks the transmission in second gear. This can be used to drive in adverse conditions such as snow and ice, as well as climbing or going down hills in the winter time.
First (1 or L) – This mode locks the transmission in first gear only. It will not accelerate through any gear range. This, like second, can be used during the winter season, or towing.

Automatic transmissions are found in other vehicles such as Ford, Porsche, VW, Citroën, Peugeot and Honda etc, but the Daewoo models include 1996–1997 Daewoo Nubira 1.5, 1996–1997 Daewoo Nubira 1.8, 1996–1997 Daewoo Leganza 1.8, 1996–1997 Daewoo Leganza and more.